Word: mutuals
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...different views seem evident [at Manila]. The Philippines, Thailand, Australia and, somewhat more mildly, New Zealand, have shown a preference for a strong security organization based on a NATO-like defensive military alliance. The United Kingdom and France, with tacit if reluctant U.S. consent, prefer a loose treaty of mutual defense subject to the constitutional processes of each participating state. The U.S. is caught between the two contradictory positions held on the one hand by its best friends in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific, and on the other by two of its outstanding allies in Europe...
...nothing comes out of Manila except a watered-down version of existing mutual defense treaties between Australia and the U.S., and between the Philippines and the U.S., then it might have been better to have attempted no further diplomatic moves. To indulge in too much sound and fury which signifies nothing to the Communists would only be to arouse their mockery and contempt. We need to do three things in Southeast Asia...
...unbreakable. I have been told that concern has been expressed that the United States might not come to the aid of your country in event of aggression. I wish to state in most emphatic terms that the United States will honor fully its commitments under the mutual-defense treaty. If the Philippines were attacked, the United States would act immediately...
...Mutual Security Act provision" . . . is not "to reimburse NATO countries that recruit escapees into their armies . . ." The intent of the provision is the creation of separate national military units from escapees from captive nations (such as units of Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, and even national units formed from escapees from the U.S.S.R.) . . . The idea is that such units, with identifying national uniforms and the non-Communist flags of the enslaved nations, be joined with the defense forces of Western Europe to support and symbolize a united Europe against the . . . threat of Communism . . . The creation of such units is based...
...third plank in SEATO would be economic mutual assistance. The Thais and the Filipinos objected at once that such a SEATO was not strong enough. On the other hand, the treaty went just about as far as the British were prepared to go; the British wanted a "constructive, unhurried approach." The British even hoped that one passage in the treaty draft might be changed, leveling SEATO not against "Communist aggression" but simply against "aggression...