Word: naacp
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Court was also influenced by "the substantiality of Alabama's interest in obtaining membership lists." Alabama wanted the lists to see if the NAACP had violated its law requiring the registration of foreign corporations. While the Court found this motive insubstantial, it might take a different view of HUAC's desire to uncover subversive activity in student groups. In Bryant v. Zimmerman the Supreme Court upheld a disclosure of Ku Klux Klan membership lists because of the "particular character of the Klan's activities." Furthermore, in the NAACP case the Court believed that publication of membership rolls would "expose members...
...court decided that Harvard had the ability to comply, then it would have to decide whether or not a HUAC subpoena was a violation of the freedoms of speech and association. Countryman believes that the most important precedent in such a decision would be NAACP v. Alabama, in which the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Alabama had no right to subpoena membership lists from the NAACP. In his majority opinion, Justice Harlan wrote: "Abridgement of such rights [free speech and free association], even though unintended, may inevitably follow from varied forms of government action." This implies that HUAC...
...meeting, Parks, who was also a member of the education committee of the NAACP, read a report based on Boston School Department records which showed that Negro schools were overcrowded, that cost per pupil in Negro schools was below the citywide average, and that reading test scores of Negro pupils were below the already low Boston median. The NAACP also requested a hearing with the School Committee which was granted and held on June 11, 1963. The meeting consisted of talks about the inadequacy of facilities for Negro children and ended with the promise of another meeting...
...broke off when the School Committee, under Hicks's leadership, refused to sign a statement admitting the existence of "de facto segregation" in the Boston public schools. According to one Boston political observer this is where the trouble began. "In their insistence on a de facto segregation statement the NAACP failed to realize," he says, "that Louise is a lawyer and a politician. For her the phrase de facto segregation connotates deliberate discrimination, which was not the case in Boston...
...Hicks was insulted by the charge of de facto segregation and when an NAACP staffer had taken a statement she had issued, then revised it and released the revised copy to the Boston papers without informing her, she lost all faith in local civil rights groups. She even refused to let the School Committee meet with any group wishing to discuss de facto segregation. Surprisingly this new hard line policy proved very popular with the voters, especially in lower middle class and working neighborhoods...