Word: nagasaki
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...Editors: Just as Hiroshima was the first city where the Bomb was used, I pray that Nagasaki will be the last [SPECIAL SECTION, July 29]. It will be a victory for mankind if the first and last use of the Bomb occurred 40 years ago, when the Bomb's destructive power was still measured in kilotons and not megatons. Noshir K. Medhora Houston...
Throughout the U.S., hundreds of groups held their own memorials last week for the 1945 bombing of Hiroshima and, three days later, Nagasaki. While speakers at many of the rallies echoed Araki's agenda, for the most part they avoided both partisan rhetoric and talk of disarmament. Like the Hiroshima service, which used doves to make its point, many of the American commemoratives made use of simple symbols to underscore mankind's vulnerability to nuclear weapons. The displays were frail and mute, but they managed to express deep fears for the survival of the race, which the language of policy...
After Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Morrison's main concern was "how to get the Bomb into the peace." But once World War II was over, American scientists were inevitably associated in the public mind with war. Hiroshima had entirely changed the popular image of the unworldly professor; he had proved what he could do. By the end of the 1940s, the Soviets had their own atomic weapon, and by 1953, less than a year after the U.S., they tested their first hydrogen bomb. Once the arms race was a fact, the U.S. seemed to need its physicists as saviors and protectors...
...figure out how the thing would be designed. Everyone was working just as fast as possible--either on the gun-assembly method, which was used for the uranium bomb in Hiroshima, or on the implosion method, which we used for the plutonium bomb at Trinity and later in Nagasaki. [George] Kistiakowsky pooh-poohed the implosion idea at first; he was a real tough cookie. But then he got behind it. Both bombs were going ahead full steam...
Then, too: Was it in fact the Bomb that brought the war to an end? The Japanese government was in total disarray in the summer of 1945, so Hiroshima and Nagasaki may merely have provided an excuse for a surrender. The Soviets entered the war on Aug. 8--after Hiroshima and before Nagasaki. The Japanese may have concluded that it would be better to surrender to the Americans than to risk prolonging the war and allowing the Soviets to take more spoils. The U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey conducted just after the war concluded that the atom bombings were not decisive...