Word: namibia
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...Nearby Angola and Mozambique, once Portuguese colonial buffer states, have become independent, leftist, black-ruled nations committed to helping the struggle against white rule in South Africa. One way or another, Ian Smith's Rhodesia, where blacks outnumber whites 22 to 1, is destined for majority rule. So is Namibia (South West Africa), the huge, mineral-rich territory that South Africa has governed (originally under a 1920 League of Nations mandate), although an independence formula is still to be agreed upon by the territory's various political groups, including the militant South West Africa People's Organization...
...eight years in the Nixon-Ford Administrations. Then, after the Cuban military involvement in Angola, Kissinger went twice to Africa and seemed for a time to be on the verge of securing a settlement in Rhodesia. His strategy was to solicit Vorster's help on Rhodesia and Namibia and defer the question of South Africa's apartheid. Kissinger believed majority rule in Rhodesia and independence for Namibia were attainable through diplomatic pressure; he also believed Vorster would help him achieve it in order to take world pressure off South Africa...
...Carter Administration decided that the problems of Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa should be taken up simultaneously. In May, Vice President Walter Mondale met Vorster head-on in Vienna and told him that Washington was interested in "a progressive transformation of South African society." When the press asked him later what he meant by "full political participation by all South Africans," Mondale replied, inaccurately, that it was the same as one man, one vote. This was a misstep by Mondale that Washington has been gently attempting to correct ever since. Not even the U.S., with the rights of states built...
...effect, a great gamble is involved in the pressure ploys against South Africa. Among other things, the U.S. and Britain are banking on Vorster's support in gaining independence for Namibia (South West Africa) and Rhodesia. If they overplay their hand at the U.N., they risk the loss of Vorster's aid-a reality that the gruff Afrikaner may be counting on. "A large part of the world game against South Africa is bluff," Vorster proclaimed last week. "Now it has to be determined where the bluff ends and the serious part of the game begins...
...Africans of English descent and the Dutch-descended Afrikaners. The Afrikaners' ability and willingness to adapt, if only to survive, are yet to be tested. But knowledgeable observers believe that a convincing electoral victory would allow Vorster to relax the apartheid laws and work toward peaceful settlements in Namibia and Rhodesia-much as Charles de Gaulle was able to pacify the French right and yet also end the Algerian War. One promising sign: Vorster has already warned Smith to accept two senior emissaries if, as expected, the Security Council passes a British resolution this week endorsing such a peace...