Word: nams
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Gromyko went through the ritualistic assault on U.S. involvement in Viet Nam, but the language was less vituperative than in the past. What was new and heartening was his hint that the Russians are "ready" for strategic-arms-limitation talks and would participate in four-power negotiations to resolve the problem of West Berlin. "We are in favor of the development of good relations with the U.S.," said Gromyko. "It is clear that our countries are divided by profound class differences. But the Soviet Union always believed that the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. could find common language on the questions...
Front-Page Surprise. As for relations between the U.S. and France, they reached a "turning point" with President Nixon's visit to De Gaulle last winter, said Pompidou. Present U.S. policy in Viet Nam "is viewed here with the greatest sympathy." He made no startling announcements regarding France's financial and economic problems, though he reiterated an oft-stated campaign theme that their solution depended on stimulating foreign trade. There was, in fact, little startling news anywhere in the conference, in sharp contrast to De Gaulle's habit of almost invariably springing a front-page surprise...
...predicament is not unique. He is a member of South Viet Nam's educated elite, which has long opposed any and all regimes in Saigon. These days, the country's intellectuals are on particularly bad terms with the government of President Nguyen Van Thieu over the issue of peace and how to achieve it. Thieu regards men like Publisher Lau with unconcealed loathing. Not long ago, he told a group of hamlet officials: "You are more patriotic than these intellectuals who drink four glasses of whisky a day. Although they are well educated, they are slaves...
South Viet Nam's true intellectual elite consists of no more than a few thousand people. Its members include doctors, lawyers, journalists, Buddhist monks, professors, artists, students and occasional businessmen. Some, like Lau, own property, but most live modestly on monthly incomes that range from $80 to $600. They are inveterate organization joiners. Being a member of the alumni associations of the Lycée Petrus Ky or the Lycée Jean-Jacques Rousseau, both in Saigon, is a mark of special distinction among the elite. There are other ties of common background. Many intellectuals fled the North...
...Viet Nam, as in most of Asia, the intellectual is heavily influenced by the Confucian tradition, which ordains that the scholar has an obligation not only to disseminate knowledge but also to participate in the rule of his country. From this concept, the mandarinate emerged, and down through Viet Nam's history the mandarins provided the administrative core for the nation. In the 19th century, with the arrival of the French, the mandarinate split: some scholars resisted the invaders, others collaborated...