Word: naos
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THESE restrictions on the Ambassador's control over the bombing were dramatically illustrated by the bombing of Sap Nao in September 1967. Sap Nao was a small village in northern Laos, about two miles from a communist off-landing area near Highway 19. The CIA, arguing that ammunition was being stored in Sap Nao, put it forth as a target for bombing on four separate occasions. The Ambassador refused to authorize it each time, on the grounds that there was no evidence that it was an arms depot and that as a village it was thus off-limits...
...November 1967, however, a reconnaissance aircraft accidentally strayed off target and happened to photograph Sap Nao. A routine chick of the film revealed that the village had been obliterated. Unofficial investigations showed that CIA personnel on their own initiative had instructed AIE pilots of the 56th Special Operations Wing at Nakhorn Phanom Air Force base in Thailand to bomb Sap Nao. The pilots, unaware that the Ambassador had not approved the target, had made the strikes. It was later established as well that in fact no ammunition had been stored in the village...
...Nao and similar incidents led to a good deal of friction between the CIA and the Project 404 photo reconnaissance teams in Vientiane. In September 1968, CIA pressure finally resulted in the removal of the reconnaissance group down to Udorn, Thailand. Its departure marked the end of independent verification by the Embassy of strikes against targets it had approved...
...since the 1920s, New York's Edward Hunter is fascinated by words and their meanings, especially as they apply to the conflicts between Communism and the free world. Around 1950 Hunter heard a Chinese friend, talking about the methods of the Red Chinese government, use the phrase hsi nao. Translating it, Hunter introduced a grim word to the cold war vocabulary: "brainwashing." Last week, appearing as a witness before the U.S. Senate's Internal Security Subcommittee, Author (BrainWashing in Red China) Hunter again showed his preoccupation with words, made a sharp point: "We are going to be taken...
China's Red masters have a special word for thought control: hsueh hsi, or "the practice of learning." China's plain people use a more telling expression: Communist indoctrination, which presses on them without pause or pity, is simply hsi nao, or "washing the brain." From Hong Kong last week, TIME Correspondent Robert Neville cabled a survey of brain washing in Red China...