Word: napoleon
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...dealing with Waterloo, Keegan argues that the battle was decided less by Wellington and Napoleon than the enormous confusion that enveloped the 70,000 troops on each side: blinding smoke, choking fumes, ear-shattering noise. Again and again, French cavalry attacked standing squares of British infantry and were driven off because their horses shied from crossing living barriers. But what caused the British soldiers to stand their ground? Keegan notes that they were safer in masses; to break and run was to become an easy target for French horsemen. Also, the leaders were in the thick of the fighting, where...
Microbes, like people, are always in a process of evolution. They have also proved marvelously mobile. They have marched with every army ever fielded, and claimed more victims than bronze spears, muskets or machine guns. From 1803 to 1815, Napoleon lost more of his men to typhus than he did to bullets or bayonets. During the Crimean War in 1854-56, disease killed ten times as many British soldiers as did Russian cannons. Even at the turn of our present century, British combat deaths during the Boer War were only a fifth as high as losses due to disease. Indeed...
Turkish Yoke. The volunteers were of several sorts. The first, writes David Howarth in this wry and lively short history, consisted of officers left over from the Napoleonic wars of the previous decade. Each had at least one fine uniform, one sword and a brace of pistols. A few were what they said they had been; others actually had fought at grades several degrees below their announced ranks. A large number were simply counterfeit, like the Italian named Tassi, who said he had been Napoleon's engineer in chief but who confessed, when it became explosively clear...
After these, and beyond hope of cataloguing, everyone has his own favorite, relatively inexpensive bistro (one might be Chez Napoleon, 365 W. 50th St.). Chinatown almost requires a special course of study, in which the thoughts of Chairman Mao will not help, but the best midtown Chinese restaurant is Pearl's (38 W. 48th St.), where the acoustics are so bad you cannot hear yourself talk (but who wants...
...most other nations, patriotism is essentially the love of family, of tribe, of land, magnified. There may well be an ideological admixture. The France of the Revolution and Napoleon, for instance, proclaimed the rights of man. Liberty, equality, fraternity were useful enough to overthrow an order and kill a king. But France's love of her earth and her produce, her landscape, her language and her money-those are the things French patriotism is really about. So it is with other European nations. The songs and the poetry of patriotism are filled with scenery: with rivers and mountains, with...