Word: napoleonic
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...began in Paris and spread south to Italy and east to Poland. Crowds gathered in major European cities, including Berlin, Prague, Budapest and Vienna demanding an end to the regimes imposed on them three decades earlier by the victorious kings, emperors and statesmen in the great European war that Napoleon Bonaparte unleashed...
...revolutions of 1848 failed. The leaders of the uprisings fell out among themselves, and the forces of conservatism managed to regain control. Autocrats in Austria and Prussia revoked constitutions they had granted under popular pressure, and Bonaparte's flamboyant nephew, Louis Napoleon, became dictator of France...
...Swiss military has not engaged foreign troops since 1815, when Napoleon's army withdrew after a 17-year occupation. As a result of Switzerland's extraordinary military preparedness, no aggressor since then has seen fit to challenge its control of the mountain passes. Last week, however, the Swiss army suffered a rare setback -- not in battle, but at the polls...
...Cristiani, the situation is delicate. During his presidential campaign, he courted votes by proclaiming his impatience with the pace of fighting permitted by his predecessor, Jose Napoleon Duarte. "The U.S. wants a low- intensity conflict, meaning do so much not to win, but not to lose," he said in March 1988. "That's not fair to the military." He went on to say that if the F.M.L.N. failed to accept a consensus proposal for peace, "that would justify harsher military action." Having been treated to a fairly easy first six months in office, Cristiani was finally put to the test...
After ten years of a bloody civil war that has claimed some 70,000 lives, there are no eternal optimists left in El Salvador. Blind hope went out of fashion after then President Jose Napoleon Duarte met with failure in three meetings with the leftist guerrillas of the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front. Since the last talks in 1987, the two sides have dug in with renewed determination. Now, four months after Alfredo Cristiani, 41, succeeded Duarte as President, there is new talk of reconciliation. Representatives of the government and the F.M.L.N. met two weeks ago in Mexico City...