Word: napoleonism
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...rule from the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Florence and Venice had once borne the title of republic. But the trend had been beaten down through the centuries when the peninsula served as the cockpit of Guelph and Ghibelline, despot and noble, rival Spaniard, Frenchman and German. In Milan, in 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte had crowned himself with the iron crown of Lombardy. In Milan, in 1848, the Habsburg General Count Joseph Radetzky had smashed the people's barricades. But the day of Italy's Risorgimento (resurrection) came. In 1870 the poor, frugal, industrious country of Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour ceased...
...turbulent Middle Ages many a Pope was imprisoned or murdered by temporal powers. In 1527 the army of Emperor Charles V jailed Pope Clement VII for seven months in the castle of St. Angelo. In 1809 Emperor Napoleon kidnapped Pius VII, brought him to Fontainebleau, held him in custody until the Empire's fall...
...party to Ventotene Island, one of the Ponza group. Said Correspondent Steinbeck: he had missed Benito Mussolini by less than twelve hours. "I talked with a number of inhabitants. They said Mussolini assured them he would return to power and re-establish the Fascist regime, comparing himself presently with Napoleon-the parallel being Napoleon's exile on Elba...
Passion. Eugenie was born during an earthquake. Her father, a Spanish count who had served under Napoleon, was a sort of primitive Pavlov. He used to seat the nervous little girl astride a cannon and fire it off again & again while, with the one good eye the wars had left him, he studied her reactions. Eugenie became a Napoleon-cultist, a frenzied romantic. After the death of her father, Eugenie and her mother wintered in Paris, where the new emperor, Louis Napoleon, fell passionately in love with her. But her marriage (in 1853) was no love match; she was infatuated...
...Flames Were Dimmed. Exiled in England, Eugenie hoped by thrifty housekeeping to finance a restoration. Louis Napoleon had no such delusions during the two years he lived. Their 17 -year-old son, Prince Louis, would make no play for public affection, by which alone a restoration might have been conceivable; it was a Napoleon's business, he insisted, to be a soldier. He was killed in Zululand...