Word: nas
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...National Research Council is the research arm of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), an independent, federally-chartered study organization which investigates technical issues for the federal government...
...that they followed by only a week an equally grim report by U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop that urged an all-out effort to educate the populace, beginning with young children, to the dangers of AIDS and ways to avoid them. Though they worked independently, Koop and the NAS committee each knew of the other's studies. Their reports contained little that had not been published before in the way of scientific information about AIDS or predictions about its spread. What distinguished them from previous pronouncements was the authority of their authors (the National Academy of Sciences was chartered...
...resistance. In the view of the Roman Catholic Church, for example, a Government campaign to urge use of condoms would be encouraging people to commit mortal sin. The church regards condoms as artificial contraceptive devices whose use, even to avoid lethal disease, is forbidden. In the view of the NAS panel and Surgeon General Koop, however, action must no longer be delayed. AIDS researchers have faced an exquisite dilemma: they initially felt obliged to calm public hysteria stirred by the false idea that AIDS can be spread by casual contact, but in the process some may have played down...
Responding to mounting government concern that technological information with potential military applications may be reaching the Soviet Union and other adversaries through industry and the scientific community, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) issued a report in September, 1982 on "Scientific Communication and National Security." The study was conducted by an NAS panel chaired by former Cornell University President Dale Corson. The authors expressed the hope that their recommendations would make it possible to "establish within the government an appropriate group to develop mechanisms and guidelines in the cooperative spirit that the report itself display...
Universities, which conduct most of the basic scientific research undertaken in the United States, were a primary focus of the NAS study. The report found "a substantial transfer" of U.S. technology to the Soviet Union, but concluded that "very little" of the problem resulted from open scientific communication. Moreover, the report took note of the close connections between the American tradition of open communication, scientific and technological innovation, and national security. Despite this conclusion, NAS staff members reported this year that government policymakers are moving to implement new secrecy regulations before a government-wide consensus is reached. The staff also...