Word: nationale
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Ansel Adams was the poet of the gray spectrum, the man who dipped the American sublime into the inkpot of black-and-white photography and by that means made it new again. So persuasive were his methods that because of him we tend to think of the national parks the...
The Shipping Act of 1916, although mostly about maritime commerce, included a small clause requiring all national emergencies to be "declared by proclamation of the President." President Woodrow Wilson issued the first formal statement of national emergency the following year, on Feb. 5, 1917, in which he forbade American ship...
Before World War I, Presidents authorized their own emergency powers with little or no congressional oversight. The ability to do so stemmed from an implicit interpretation of the Constitution's requirement that the government "provide for the common defense and general welfare" of the nation. In 1794, President George Washington...
Wilson's shipping restrictions were terminated in 1921, and the U.S. remained national-emergency-free until 1933, when Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed a national emergency so that he could institute bank holidays. Roosevelt never formally ended the emergency, and in 1973 an astonished Senate committee discovered that, technically, it was still...
These days, national emergencies expire after six months unless formally continued by the President. After announcing an emergency, the President must indicate which emergency powers he plans to activate. In 1979, in response to the hostage crisis, President Jimmy Carter declared a national emergency, freezing all Iranian assets in the...