Word: nationalism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...spite of its evident failures, the F.S.L.N. stays firmly in power, not least because of the bedrock support of the 70,000-member Sandinista People's Army. As the name implies, its job is to defend the party, not the nation. The army is a well-oiled machine, its comandantes agile tacticians at outmaneuvering the counterrevolutionaries. Soldiers attend mandatory political-education classes, and most can recite, if not explain, the party line...
...beach. Those who feel guilty, summer after summer, about not reading War and Peace can positively grovel at the prospect of the unquestionably difficult and demanding August 1914. It offers an encompassing narrative, told from dozens of different perspectives, of Russian life circa 1914 and of the nation's stark unpreparedness for the military offensive launched against Germany in August of that year. With this ! story Solzhenitsyn mixes snippets from contemporary newspapers, a succession of official documents and a series of "Screens," scenes described as if they were intended for a film script. The overall effect of this avalanche...
...Lenin had little in common with Russian culture. Of course, he graduated from a Russian gymnasium ((high school)). He must have read Russian classics. But he was penetrated with the spirit of internationalism. He did not belong to any nation himself. He was "inter" national -- between nations. During 1917, he showed himself to be in the extreme left wing of revolutionary democracy. Everything that happened in 1917 was guided by ((proponents of)) revolutionary democracy, but it all fell out of their hands. They were not sufficiently consistent, not sufficiently merciless, while he was merciless and consistent...
...always seemed unbridgeable. They have personified the country's racial stalemate: Mandela, who turns 71 this week, insisted that he would make no deals with the white government while he remained a prisoner; Botha, 73, vowed that he would never free the symbolic leader of the nation's black majority unless Mandela forswore the use of violence...
...most prominent antiapartheid leaders, the Rev. Frank Chikane, along with Mandela's wife Winnie, quickly called a press conference to dismiss the talks in Cape Town as a "nonevent," an act of "political mischief" staged by Mandela's jailers. In Lusaka, Joe Modise, commander of Spear of the Nation, the guerrilla wing of the A.N.C. that Mandela helped create in 1961, insisted that "only the armed struggle will bring the Boers to negotiations...