Word: nationalizes
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...main reason for the price hike was clear. OPEC wanted to regain the purchasing power it had lost because of the dollar's decline, 28% since December 1976. Despite huge oil revenues, eight of the OPEC member nations ran deficits in the first half of 1978; as a group, they became the biggest international borrowers, with a total of $5.2 billion in loans and withdrawals. Surprisingly, many American businessmen do not blame OPEC for raising the price as much as it did. "If you take an 18-month time period," says Carlton Jones, manager of energy analysis at Pace...
...somber granite monument to South Africa's Boer pioneers near Pretoria, at Krugersdorp where the Boers defied the British and re-established their republic, and at other sites across the nation, white Afrikaners gathered to mark the Day of the Covenant, their Thanksgiving. It was on Dec. 16, 1838, that 470 Afrikaner farmers fought off a raid by 15,000 Zulu warriors, killing 3,000 of the attackers without losing any of their own number. On the eve of the battle, the Afrikaners vowed that if God granted them victory they would ever after commemorate...
...more than 1.8 million whites in the three Dutch Reformed churches that dominate in South Africa, this year's Sabbath marked the end of an especially perplexing year. The churches continue to provide the moral underpinning for the nation's policy of racial separation, a role that has left them increasingly isolated from the mainstream of Christianity, not only abroad but at home...
...Afrikaners have long believed that their nation struck a special covenant with God ordaining them to preserve a Christian civilization. South Africa is, in a sense, the last Protestant theocracy on earth. In a country where American-style separation of church and state is as foreign as interracial marriage, Calvinist piety pervades schoolroom and board room...
...doctrinally conservative church has a group of members who signed last year's Koinonia Declaration, a rare Christian Afrikaner protest against South African racial policies. By far the most important of the three churches is the Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk, or N.G. Church, which is often sarcastically called "the National Party at prayer." It claims the allegiance of 1.5 million of the nation's 2.5 million Afrikaners, including Prime Minister P.W. Botha and his predecessor John Vorster, now President. English-speaking Protestant and Roman Catholic organizations, both white and black, are quick to criticize government policy, but they have...