Word: nationhoods
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...primary sources of fedayeen strength are the Palestinian refugees, now 1,500,000 strong, who for 20 years have been a scattered and forlorn people, possessing neither a country nor any say in the harsh events profoundly affecting them. Dispossessed of their homes, lands and sense of nationhood when Israel was founded in 1948, they dispersed throughout the Middle East. They endured the scorn of their host populations toward outsiders, although the most skilled and educated came to dominate many areas of Arab intellectual and commercial life. Those that did not assimilate settled in crowded camps, mostly in Jordan...
Tribal lines, not national boundaries, make up the true map of Black Africa. The Congo's latent disorder stems more than anything else from its stubborn attempt to throw a skein of nationhood over no fewer than 200 tribes. Even tiny Dahomey numbers more than a dozen tribes within its borders. Worse for national unity, tribalism is growing almost everywhere as a cushion against the shocks of transition into the 20th century. In Africa's multiplying ghettos, tribal "unions" or associations flourish as a kind of foreign embassy in the city for dazed tribesmen from the country. When things...
What Africa needs is precisely such transmutations of tribal loyalties to the larger loyalties of nationhood. The task is formidable, and not only because of the weight of tradition. In many ways, as M.I.T. Professor Harold Isaacs points out, "Africa is the most inhospitable of the major continents to human existence." For all the image of a banana-tree civilization, with food for the reaching, most Africans are permanently undernourished and physically below par or diseased. Life expectancy is barely 40 years at best. Illiteracy is the highest in the world...
...carnage of Congolese secession. But in scope of suffering, in depth of bitterness, in the seeming hopelessness of any solution short of wholesale slaughter, there is no parallel to the tragedy that has been gathering force the past 14 months in Nigeria?once Africa's brightest hope for successful nationhood. One of the opposing forces, wielding a full array of modern weapons from Britain, Russia and much of Europe, is the federal government of Nigeria. It is determined to crush a rebellion that it feels will destroy its republic. On the other side, armed chiefly with determination, stands the secessionist...
Wartime Democracy. His dedication to Ibo nationhood dates from the same day as his now luxuriant beard, which he let grow during the 1966 fall massacres "as a sign of mourning." He sleeps from dawn to midmorning, lives and works in his tightly guarded Umuahia villa. He evacuated his wife Njide-ka and two small children after a bomb was dropped near his home. Slouched at his desk, pacing the grounds impatiently in darkness, chain-smoking State Express filter cigarettes, he is a lonely figure in his besieged land. Ojukwu often is pictured in Nigerian propaganda as a power...