Word: nato
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Almost as old as NATO itself is the "disarray" that seems to haunt its councils. Yet allied differences are not so much symptoms of any deep-rooted disunity as the result of NATO's military effectiveness. Because they know that they are secure behind the U.S. nuclear shield, few European nations are eager to build up conventional forces for which they see little use. At the same time, as they have grown more powerful and prosperous, Europeans have come to question total U.S. control of nuclear weapons for the foreseeable future. Thus dependence breeds mistrust...
Fine Watches. Last week, in an attempt to soothe Europe's restiveness by giving its Allies greater responsibility for their own security, the U.S. made its most serious pitch yet to share the planning and control of atomic weapons in Europe with Europeans themselves. Before NATO's 15-member Permanent Council in Paris, President Kennedy's special envoy, Livingston Merchant, proposed creation of a multinational nuclear deterrent consisting of a fleet of surface ships equipped with the U.S. Polaris missile. Key provision of the plan is that the ships would be "multi-manned," i.e., their crews would...
Originally, in fact, the U.S. had hastily suggested that multi-manned, multinational Polaris submarines might be a logical progression from the independent Polaris subs that Britain has agreed to build (but has committed to NATO). Apart from the cost, however, Congress has already indicated that it is dead set against giving U.S. Allies the components or know-how to build the submarines. Moreover, old naval hands are aghast at the prospect of manning submarines with crews of mixed nationalities. Warned a West German naval expert last week: "Sub crews are the fine watches of naval warfare. There...
...Seven NATO partners-Britain, Belgium, Italy, Greece, The Netherlands, Turkey, West Germany-were immediately receptive to Merchant's proposal. West Germany expressed the warmest interest; the British looked on the scheme with "mild benevolence." But all seven wanted to hear more about it, and allowed that the price was high and the payoff distant. Meanwhile, all but a fraction of the existing Western atomic stockpile would remain under U.S. lock and key. The proposal was coldly received in France, where the Gaullist daily La Nation even dubbed the prospect of a multilateral force "la farce multilatérale...
...Dolly's defection, said New York Times Vice President Amory H. Bradford, chief negotiator for the publishers, was "a great mistake." The publishers, like the NATO allies, operate on the principle that an attack on one is an attack on all; and when the I.T.U. called strikes at four New York dailies last December, five others voluntarily stopped their presses. Now, said Bradford, Dolly's action "is bound to stiffen the union's position and may well prolong the strike. It is going to be more difficult for us to persuade the unions to arrive...