Word: naval
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...years later, in their ambitious OKEAN-75 naval exercise, the Soviet admirals demonstrated an ominous ability to coordinate global fleet operations, including drills in anticarrier, convoy and submarine tactics. Says Sir Peter Hill-Norton, admiral of the British fleet: "The U.S. had never previously faced a global threat to its sea-lane communications from a mix of subsurface, surface and maritime-air naval forces. This is a strategic change of kind, not of degree...
...planes and helicopters, and thus lacks the offensive punch of the U.S. big-deck carriers. These disadvantages, however, do not significantly reduce the Soviet threat at sea because Russia's wartime aims are easier to achieve than America's. Explains Professor Brian Ranft, a University of London expert in naval affairs: "The Soviet Union does not have to use the sea for strategic or economic purposes; the U.S. does. What the Russians are doing now is creating the capability to deny the use of the sea to the West...
Today's vastly improved mood is the result of the determination of Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, Chief of Naval Operations from 1970 to '74, to bring the life of young sailors into line with that of their civilian contemporaries. He radically changed the service's restrictive dress code by permitting modish haircuts, beards and sideburns and eliminating the requirement for frequent uniform changes during the day. (This does not apply, however, to the lowly inductee, whose hair is still cropped when he enters bootcamp.) Zumwalt also revised the duty rotation system and the fleet's operating schedules...
Many venerable Navy traditions have simply disappeared, reports TIME Correspondent Joseph Kane, after visiting the 170,000-acre naval complex at San Diego, home to 89,200 Navy men and women (17% of the entire Navy). The grounds of the naval training center now look more like a college campus than a military base, with many sailors sporting blue denims. The hefty pay raises (a seaman E-3 makes $460 monthly in base pay, compared with $99 in 1958) mean that most sailors can afford apartments in San Diego. Petty Officer Third Class Anthony Moseby, 23, for one, can. This...
...morale is generally approved, but not all sailors welcome what the Zumwalt mood has done to discipline. Some senior petty officers at the Great Lakes Naval Recruit Training Center near Chicago grouse that enlisted personnel do not always stand when an officer enters a room, and that recruits in uniform smoke on the street. Officers hesitate to enforce rules because the new sailers could and perhaps would demand a lengthy explanation before following the orders. Complains Master Chief Petty Officer Charles Chambers in San Diego: "You can't tell a kid to square away his uniform any longer...