Word: nazi
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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From this tiny seed, sown a full 13 years before Hitler's accession, sprang the most perverted, rapacious and successful propaganda apparatus the world had ever known. By 1936, after just three years in power, the Nazi party owned two-thirds of all German news circulation outright and tightly controlled the rest. Not a line was printed without official approval, not an editor escaped the role of Nazi stooge. How this happened-and, more significantly, how easily it happened-is told in The Captive Press in the Third Reich (Princeton University Press; $6.50), by Oron J. Hale, 61, chairman...
Hitler's press boss was Max Amann, a stupid, brawling dwarf bullock who had been Corporal Hitler's wartime company sergeant. Amann had assembled a press empire of 59 dailies even before the party took power. For the sake of Nazi recognition, scores of nonparty papers agreed to print Nazi propaganda free and to take no ads from Jews. By way of disaster insurance, dozens of German advertisers cynically bought space in official Nazi organs. The German people were partly to blame, for they did not support the few honest papers that warned what Hitler...
Surviving papers, Nazi or otherwise, lined up so meekly that Hitler himself complained: "It is no great pleasure to read 15 newspapers all having nearly the same textual content." Turning out such dupe sheets could have been no great pleasure either. Twice daily the Ministry of Propaganda sent every paper the Tagesparole, the word for the day, specifying content down to the headlines and the required epithets for Roosevelt ("gangster," "criminal," "madman"). Every level of government sent handouts accompanied by demands that they appear on Page...
Propaganda proved hugely profitable. In 1942, Eher Verlag, the party's tax-free publishing combine, poured $68 million into the Nazi war chest. But as the war worsened for Germany, the Nazis' captive papers shrank in number from 2,500 to 500, in size to a single page. Hitler's first paper was also his last. On April 17, 1945, Volkischer Beobachter published Der Fuhrer's last military order of the day: to stand fast against the Russian march on Berlin. Then it, too, went under...
...time is 1942. Two shell-shocked survivors of the Nazi terror meet in Lisbon and talk the night away. They are strangers, but they understand each other quickly because they have a common latter-day heritage "that was as much a part of German culture as Goethe and Schiller." They both know how to alter passports, how to dress inconspicuously to put off the police, how to conceal a vial of poison or perhaps a razor blade as a last remedy if they should fall into the hands of the Gestapo. The man named Schwarz describes a common enough European...