Word: nazi
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Sixty-four years have passed since Kushta stood by the roadside with her teenage friends, watching Nazi soldiers day after day as they led some 5,000 Jews from the town to the rim of a giant pit, and shot them in the back at point-blank range. Kushta, now 78, says she still replays in her mind the moment when a close friend of her mother's passed by and pleaded with her for help. Drawing her woollen scarf around her head in the frigid December morning, Kushta asks: "How could I save her? I was only a child...
...long silence - from Kushta and hundreds of other witnesses - has finally ended, thanks almost entirely to one man. His extraordinary four-year quest to document the country's mass executions has shattered decades of secrecy and denial about the slaughter of Jews that occurred after Nazi Germany invaded Ukraine...
Tapping into the country's nationalistic animosity toward its Soviet rulers, the Nazis found plenty of helpers among Ukrainians. According to the 1996 book Hitler's Willing Executioners by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, many Ukrainians participated in the Nazi killings of Jews during pogroms in Ukraine's villages. Some Ukrainians also helped to run Nazi concentration camps. This persecution by their own countrymen left deep bitterness among Ukrainian-Jewish Holocaust survivors, says Lee Schein, 77, who fled Rava-Ruska during the war as a 12-year-old girl, and now lives in Glen Ellen, California. "The Nazis offered the Ukrainians their...
...Lisinichi Forest outside the city of Lviv one day in late December, Adolf Wislowski, 77, leaned on his heavy walking stick and described for Desbois how as a child he would climb a tree and watch Nazi soldiers shoot thousands of Jews; the killings lasted for about six months. Since Wislowski's school was close to the forests, he and his classmates kept careful track of the executions, observing closely how the Nazis led the Jews to the edge of the trees, then shot them in small groups. Near the end of the war, the Nazis ordered Jewish prisoners...
Besides bearing insistent witness, the foreigners also created a "Safety Zone," some two miles wide, into which perhaps two or three hundred refugees were crammed, with just enough food and medical supplies to survive - if the foreigners, among them, ironically, a German business man who was a Nazi party member - could protect its boundaries. This they - imperfectly - did until the worst was over in March 1938. They even managed to smuggle out some of their pictures to alert the world to this atrocity. Later, they made direct appeals to their governments, seeking some sort of (inadequate) redress, which arrived...