Word: nci
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Think vaccines: a quick needle in the arm or buttock to ward off flu or measles, right? Not necessarily. Most of the vaccines being developed today are designed to treat disease, not prevent it. "The field is exploding," says Dr. Jeffrey Schlom of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), sponsor of nearly 100 studies of therapeutic vaccines, many of them to fight melanoma, a deadly skin cancer...
...years doctors tried to stir immune reactions against cancers with a weakened tuberculosis bacterium called bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), but had only middling success. What has given the old idea a shot in the arm, so to speak, is biotechnology. Researchers like NCI's Dr. Steven Rosenberg have been able to isolate fragments from the surface of melanoma cells. Injected into the body, these antigens trick the immune system into producing a flood of killer T cells, which then go after the tumor cells containing the telltale fragments...
After four years, the folks on the intervention diet had eaten an average of 35 g of fiber a day, against 20 g for their typical-fare counterparts. Yet both groups developed the same number of new polyps. A second NCI study, involving 1,303 people ages 40 to 80, divided into high-fiber and low-fiber groups, produced similar results...