Word: nets
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...needed to rebuild its industrial capacity after World War II. The challenge then was to ensure producers could produce. Political and business leaders resorted to guaranteed job security and total employment as the primary forms of welfare, while workers were supposed to plug any gaps in the social safety net themselves with prodigious savings. Strategic industries were propped up to protect jobs. This system worked fine when earnings were plentiful during the postwar boom. But today the policies sap the strength of small- and medium-sized businesses, a major source of new jobs. At the same time, younger Japanese...
...Moreover, as Japanese must rely on private savings as their biggest cushion when times are tough, they tend to save more than they would otherwise. Even workers eligible to receive government benefits cannot rely on the public pension system for adequate retirement funding. In short, this thin social safety net perpetuates the population decline and prevents private consumption from rising to offset the shrinking number of consumers. You can't expect the population and the economy to grow by guaranteeing survival to only the oldest workers and businesses while subjecting everyone else to market forces...
...Policymakers have failed to match increased job insecurity with a corresponding expansion of social welfare. It's true that Japan's public debt is approaching 200% of GDP - the highest among developed countries - which limits the government's options. Still, the state must deepen the social safety net to better cover the underserved: young workers and families. This will help reverse the population decline, rebalance growth toward domestic demand and remove the need to mitigate unemployment by propping up inefficient companies and farms. Japanese citizens will have to make sacrifices - they may have to pay more taxes, for example...
...strength, but Barack Obama's electoral victory had invigorated him. His children, stepchildren and many of his nieces and nephews were there. So were several of his oldest friends, men who had attended grammar school, college or law school with Kennedy. Family and friends: the ultimate safety net. (See video of Kennedy from the 2008 Democratic National Convention...
...generated at least $17.5 billion of economic activity, not including incremental sales of additional products, such as extended warranties, alarm systems and financing revenue for the dealerships - as well as roughly $875 million in sales-tax revenue for state governments. When we add in the fiscal multiplier effect, the net impact of the program was easily north of $25 billion - if not much higher. However, the impact also has a short life expectancy. Once the program is over, the impact is pretty much over as well. It will be the next challenge for manufacturers as well as dealers...