Word: neutralization
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Vatican City is a neutral state and could not be bombed without violating international law, and would not be bombed by the United Nations any more than they would bomb targets in neutral Sweden, Portugal and Spain...
...great and only question for the Allies was: Are these steps being taken? The requirements for an open city are not clearly stipulated (the open-city concept is laid down in Article 25 of the Hague Convention of 1907). But clearly they include adequate guarantees from a neutral party that...
...Italian declaration was unilateral-there was no neutral power to back up Badoglio's assurances. There was, in fact, no party but Badoglio's Government to assure the Allies that the capital was being divested of all military usefulness to the Axis armies. But there was plenty of reason to doubt that...
...Times are hard. . . . [Italy] could have remained outside the struggle. As a neutral, she probably would have had great financial and commercial advantages. But Italy . . . had proclaimed her vital rights and placed before the conscience of the world her problems of expansion, raw materials and production. To have confined herself to a neutrality based on monetary gain would have been a definite renunciation of a century-old goal. That was the reason why we launched ourselves ardently into the battle...
...North Sea (to northern Norway) and in the Baltic (to Finland), where Allied air and naval strength can take its toll of precious ships. Hitler's hold on both Norway and Finland was weakened. But by week's end Germany had not revoked safe-conduct permits for neutral Sweden's shipping with the outside world...