Word: neutrino
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Then, in quick succession two more particles were found, the neutron and the positron. Moreover, two particles whose existence has never been experimentally demonstrated cropped up in the lucubrations of theorists: the negative proton and the neutrino. Some of these little entities were charged with positive electricity, some with negative; some were electrically neutral or inert. Some were "heavy" or massive in relation to others-the ratio being about that of a ton to a pound. The physicists wound up. for the time being, with a nicely balanced table of discovered and hypothetical basic particles of matter, as follows...
...emitted on earth by cathode ray tubes and radioactive substances might be variable in mass, too. If this tremendous hunch were true, some bothersome discrepancies in the behavior of beta rays (fast electrons) shooting out of radium would be cleared up. Also it would make the concept of the neutrino unnecessary. The neutrino is a hypothetical particle imagined by physicists as a carrier of energy which mysteriously disappears when one element is transmuted into another. If it is assumed that the vanished energy has taken the form of greater mass in the electron, the neutrino, which has never been found...
...force which prevents them flying apart, known as geography. This nucleus is not symmetrical as, included on its western edge, is a particularly powerful proton (Britain) that has 'wave characteristics' of a definite type peculiar to itself. In the south there is what might be called a neutrino (Italy). This has, some think, also wave mechanic aspirations. It is peculiar in this respect that its core is eternal (Rome) but its surround, some think, is ephemeral...
Physicists probing within the atom toward the ultimate constitution of matter already had their hands full with positive and negative electrons, neutrons (uncharged particles), protons (nuclei of hydrogen atoms), deuterons (nuclei of doubleweight hydrogen), tritons (nuclei of tripleweight hydrogen), alpha particles (nuclei of helium), and the theoretical but necessary neutrino (little neutron...
...discoverer already had intimations of its existence, and the positive electron was foreshadowed in the cogitations of at least one mathematician before its track turned up in the laboratory. In fact, some things are made use of even before they are discovered - e.g., the little uncharged particle called the neutrino which atomic physicists need in their calculations but which has never yet come to light experimentally. Quite different are unexpected and sometimes unwelcome discoveries* which do not fit into any preconceived picture and further complicate the problems with which scientists struggle. Such a thing is a new particle of matter...