Word: newfoundlanders
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...have very conclusive evidence that the last continental ice-sheet (the Wisconsin) which originated on the Labrador Peninsula and pushed southward, did not cross the outer Gulf of St. Lawrence, the glacial ice having there, as elsewhere, a natural dislike for deep salt water. Nevertheless, in many parts of Newfoundland, Wisconsin-time saw small local sheets of ice on some mountain-slopes and on some of the open plains; and these local Wisconsin sheets did as effective work in Newfoundland as in New England...
During the past summer, aided by a grant from the Milton Fund for Research, I spent practically all of July and August and part of September hunting for more of these endemic and relic species on or near the Long Range of Newfoundland and, although it will take all winter to work out the results at the Gray Herbarium, it is safe to state that my party, including Mr. Bayard Long of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and my former student. John M. Fogg, Jr., Ph.D. '29, brought back more than 250 such species, many of them hitherto quite unknown...
...example, witness the photograph of a thoroughly scoured and denuded area of southern Newfoundland which was unquestionably crossed by very recent ice. Here (at Burgeo) the granitic hills are absolutely stripped of all soil and rotten rock-mantle, and the conspicuously striated ledges contain gourges which look as if they might have been hacked only yesterday by a sharp mattock or heavy chisel. In this region, too, great boulders as large as small houses are scattered irregularly over the hills, the boulders having fresh and undecayed surfaces...
...most of Newfoundland, however, the hills and high tablelands are deeply carpeted with a mantle of angular frost-broken and lichen-crusted material; transported boulders are not seen, or are small and conspicuously weathered; and the cliffs have very high talus-slopes, such as that of Hannah's Head on the lower Humber. The largest area in which the surface mantle is undisturbed and the rock-walls covered with a rotted crust that has never been scraped off is on the western side of the island, embracing the Long Range of mountains and the adjacent foreland...
These "thrillers" are so numerous in western Newfoundland that the field-botanist is always on the qui vive, and it is a rare and poor day when novel plants of great scientific interest are not brought in. Then follows a full day, or perhaps two days, indoors, putting the treasures into press and starting their proper drying, before another active day of field work can be undertaken. Often enough, after stretching every muscle and testing every nerve in the ticklish ascent and descent of successive cliffs, we reach home with our knee-joints so lame and stiff that...