Word: niacin
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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When other researchers showed that nicotinic acid or niacin (one of the B vitamins) was effective against an animal disease resembling pellagra, Dr. Spies seized on the clue, soon proved that simply adding niacin to the diet would go far to cure many cases. (It has since been shown that an amino acid, tryptophane, found in protein foods, is also essential in pellagra prevention.) But Experimenter Spies was convinced that where there was one vitamin deficiency, there were likely to be others. He advocated supplements of several vitamins, was sharply criticized for "shotgun" treatment, has been fully vindicated by later...
Suddenly the chemical woods were full of vitamins: vitamin A for healthy eyes; riboflavin (B2) and nicotinic acid (niacin) to prevent pellagra; ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to prevent scurvy. Merck produced all these and many more. In no time, U.S. drugstores were selling vitamins in all doses and combinations. The Government encouraged the makers of processed foods, from which vitamins have been taken out, to enrich them by putting the vitamins back. Merck now supplies tons of vitamins a year to enrich the nation's impoverished bread, margarine and breakfast cereals...
...test the researchers picked Bataan, across Manila Bay from Williams' old laboratory. They drew a line down the peninsula. East of the line, all the rice to be eaten was milled the ordinary way, then mixed (200 parts to one) with rice which had been coated with Bi, niacin and iron. West of the line, the Filipinos ate plain white rice...
...lack of other B-complex vitamins causes other deficiency diseases, e.g., pellagra results chiefly from a niacin shortage...