Word: nigra
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...notion of repairing disease-damaged brains with replacement cells is among the most talked-about--and the most audacious--ideas in modern neuroscience. Until now, however, that audacity has been limited to illnesses that attack narrowly circumscribed parts of the brain: the substantia nigra, for example, whose destruction causes Parkinson's disease...
Parkinson's disease, which causes trembling and muscular rigidity, stems from the still unexplained gradual death of most of the cells in a tiny, darkly pigmented area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The cells produce dopamine, a chemical that helps transmit impulses from the brain through the nervous system to the muscles. The Vanderbilt operations, adapting a technique that was developed in Sweden and first used successfully in Mexico last year, involve transplanting dopamine-producing tissue from one of the patient's two adrenal glands (located atop the kidneys) into the brain. Since the cells are the patient...
Whether or not the recoveries prove to be long lasting, University of Rochester Neurobiologist John Sladek and Yale Psychiatrist Eugene Redmond see a braver new world ahead. The two scientists reported reversing the effects of Parkinson's in adult African green monkeys by implanting cells from the substantia nigra of monkey fetuses, and believe that fetal brain grafts offer a better bet for Parkinson's patients. Vanderbilt researchers, using fetal nerve-tissue implants in experiments with rats, also reported progress in reducing chemically induced symptoms of Huntington's disease, a fatal genetic brain disorder. Others expressed hope that once...
...operation, in which tissue taken from one of the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, is implanted into the brain. Doctors have known for years that the symptoms of parkinsonism result primarily from the death of cells in a darkly pigmented part of the brain known as the substantia nigra. This region serves as a production center for dopamine, a vital neurotransmitter that helps govern such voluntary actions as walking and speaking. As it happens, there is another site in the body, outside the brain, that produces substantial amounts of dopamine: the inner core of the adrenal glands. By transferring...
...expanded and more diverse electorate has had on Southern white politicians. Notes Georgia's Congressman Young: "It used to be Southern politics was just 'nigger' politics?a question of which candidate could 'outnigger' the other. Then you registered 10% to 15% in the community, and folks would start saying 'Nigra.' Later you got 35% to 40% registered, and it was amazing how quick they learned how to say 'Nee-grow.' And now that we've got 50%, 60%, 70% of the black votes registered in the South, everybody's proud to be associated with their black brothers and sisters...