Word: nih
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...leukemia, tested blood from many parts of the world. Of 24 samples examined, only one from an aborigine caused the test-tube reaction he was looking for. Blumberg found the cause to be an ultramicroscopic viruslike particle. He and Dr. Harvey J. Alter, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), dubbed the particle "the Australia antigen...
That was in 1965. Now in recent issues of both the A.M.A. Journal and the British journal Lancet, teams from NIH and Columbia University have reported that, contrary to prevailing medical opinion, both infectious and serum hepatitis are probably caused by a single virus. That virus appears to be identical with the Australia antigen...
...prove the point, Dr. Richard J. Hirschman and his colleagues at NIH went back to an old and seemingly cold trail. In 1952-54, a study was made of hemophilia patients who contracted serum hepatitis from injections of an infected blood-clotting factor. The researchers took weekly blood samples but did not find the culprit; so they deep-froze the samples and stored them. In 1968 the 15-year-old samples were thawed out and tested for the Australia antigen. The viruslike particle was found in the blood of 46 (or 74%) of the patients...
Leahy feels that the National Institutes of Health, which saw the cuts coming early and negotiated directly with the individuals who were receiving grants, handled its cuts more effectively. NIH funds--which last year amounted to some $25 million at Harvard--ended up being cut about 15 percent across the board, but each person receiving funds has been able to compromise individually with the federal officials...
Many of these people are confined against their will. Neither Massachusetts nor NIH makes a distinction between voluntary and involuntary patients in their annual reports--though they do distinguish between voluntary and involuntary admissions each year. But the distinction is problematic, since even those patients who have "voluntary" committed themselves are not free to leave whenever they choose. As Dr. Thomas Szasz, professor of Psychiatry at Syracuse, points out, "Truly voluntary hospitalization is virtually nonexistent in public mental institutions in the United States...