Word: nih
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...normal height range for their ages of nine to 15, but they are shorter than average. The study had been suspended a year ago after the two groups accused the agency of violating federal regulations governing research with healthy children, but was resumed recently following a recommendation from an NIH advisory panel...
...decades researchers have argued that stricter control of blood sugar & would reduce complications, and the NIH study, which monitored 1,441 patients, was designed to test that proposition. While roughly half the subjects received the standard treatment, the others were put on an intensive program: tests of sugar levels at least four times a day, three or more insulin shots and a special diet. The results were striking: over the 10 years, the group receiving stricter treatment suffered about half as much eye and kidney damage as the other patients...
...work is based on the landmark experiment performed in 1990 by NIH Drs. W. French Anderson, Michael Blaese and Kenneth Culver on two Ohio girls, ages 4 and 9. Neither child was producing ADA, an enzyme that rids the bloodstream of harmful metabolic products. The absence of ADA can cause SCID by allowing toxic substances to accumulate and destroy immune-system cells. Both children had been kept alive by weekly injections of PEG-ADA, a costly synthetic enzyme, but neither was in good health...
...first approved gene-therapy trials, the pioneering NIH team extracted immune-system T cells from the Ohio girls, inserted normal ada genes into the cells and reinjected them. As the team had hoped, the T cells began churning out natural ADA, enabling the children's immune systems to function effectively. While that result marked the first successful treatment by gene therapy, it was not a cure; the altered T cells die out after several months, and the little patients must return to the NIH periodically to repeat the procedure...
...latest experiment at the NIH, Blaese administered a drug to one of his two original Ohio patients that coaxed some stem cells out of the bone marrow and into her bloodstream. Extracting blood, he painstakingly separated out the rare stem cells, inserted normal ADA genes into their DNA and injected the cells back into the girl's bloodstream, hoping that they would migrate back to the marrow and take up permanent residence...