Word: nih
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Sources: Journal of the American Medical Association (1/20/99); NIH; American Journal of Cardiology (1/21/99) supplement; American Journal of Epidemiology (1/99...
...early 1980s, Venter and Fraser were working on cell-surface receptors at the NIH. This was the dawn of the molecular revolution in biology, and the gene was emerging as the key. Finding genes was agonizingly slow work, however; scientists typically spent years locating and decoding a single...
...Venter read a paper in the British science journal Nature describing a machine that could decode genes automatically. He flew to California and met with one of the machine's designers, Michael Hunkapiller. Within a few months, he had the first automated gene sequencer at the NIH. Within a year, the machine had decoded 100,000 letters in one region of a genome--fast, but not fast enough for Venter...
Venter's success shocked and in some cases angered the scientific world. Watson famously dismissed Venter's sequences as work "any monkey" could do, and when their feud over the issue of patents ended, they were both out of the NIH. Watson retreated to Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., to head the research lab there. Venter started talking to investors...
...removing all their genes, invaded the T cells and burrowed into their DNA, carrying the ADA gene with them. Finally, a billion or so of Ashi's T cells, many of them now outfitted with a functioning ADA gene, were dripped back into her veins. Four months later, the NIH team performed the same therapy on another ADA-deficient girl, Cindy Cutshall, 9, from Canton, Ohio...