Word: nitric
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Chemicals: Ammonia and ammonium compounds, chlorine, dimethylaniline (for explosives), diphenylamine (for smokeless powder), nitric acid, nitrates, nitrocellulose, soda lime, sodium acetate, strontium chemicals (for explosives), sulfuric acid...
...stainless steel, foundry engineers had to tax their wits to meet the technical requirements. Into nine synthetic sand molds made from the plaster model, ten tons of molten stainless steel (temperature 3,000° F.) were poured. When the steel had cooled, four hundred gallons of ammonia and nitric acid, 3,000 gallons of boiling water, were sloshed over its surface to shine it. Said William H. Eisenman, secretary of the American Society for Metals: "It is easily the outstanding achievement of the decade in American foundry practice, probably an all-time high...
...P.E.T.N." is the short name for pentaerythritoltetranitrate, an explosive made from formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, nitric acid. It appeared as a laboratory curiosity during World War I, is no more destructive than standard military explosives, but has the great advantage that no glycerin is needed to make it. In Cincinnati it was reported that Germany, which is short of glycerin, is using P.E.T.N., if not for military purposes, at least for industrial uses, and so releases more of the glycerine explosives for use in shells, bombs, torpedoes, mines, depth charges...