Word: nitrogen
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...scientific achievement most important to the Germany of World War I was only indirectly a military weapon, and has since been used far more in peace than in war. This was Fritz Haber's nitrogen-fixation process which enabled Germany to manufacture nitrates (for explosives) and other nitrogen compounds from thin air. Haber's name has been smirched in Nazi Germany...
...equalized to prevent static sparks, the tanker's crew joined a pipe line to the grapnel, fed it back to the Caribou to be coupled with her gas tank valves. While the two planes soared out over Foynes at 120 m.p.h., the tanker flushed the pipe line with nitrogen (to remove air, which, in combination with gasoline, might explode), pumped after it 800 gals. of fuel. Seventeen minutes later she uphauled the line, waved cheerio and cocked around for home. The Caribou knuckled down to her 3,500-mile flight against heavy winds...
Passengers with hangovers became clear headed when they began breathing a mix ture of 20% oxygen, 80% nitrogen. Others became violently airsick when they took off their masks, quickly recovered when they put them on again. All showed normal pulse and respiration rates, were able to eat comfortably without taking off the masks...
...Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine that they had devised a new, safer method for depriving the brain of oxygen. They simply attached a five-quart breathing bag filled with pure oxygen to the patient's face, gradually ran out the oxygen and substituted nitrogen. The patient went into convulsions, but when the physicians thought the symptoms had reached a crucial point, they reintroduced pure oxygen into the mask. Five schizophrenic patients have received nitrogen treatment, said the doctors, and "the results are encouraging...
...physics to answer is: What is matter made of? A glass of water or a chinch bug or a copper coin is composed of molecules. The molecules are built of atoms. Twenty years ago the ancient Greek notion persisted that atoms were indivisible. Then Ernest Rutherford of England split nitrogen atoms with atomic bullets from radium. Seven years ago physicists were willing to analyze all the matter in the universe in terms of two parts of the atom: protons and electrons...