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...earth. They put gas molecules in a tube, stirred them up with a high-frequency discharge, then snapped off the current with extreme suddenness. The brief afterglow of the gases they caught in a spectroscope. They found the colors to be not only those of excited oxygen and nitrogen, the most plentiful components of the air, but also of helium, which makes up only .0005% of the atmosphere and is exceeded in scarcity only by xenon. Conclusion: there is probably lots of helium in the upper atmosphere...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Advancement in Philadelphia | 1/13/1941 | See Source »

Constantly and voraciously, earthworms eat earth, dead leaves, decaying organic matter of all sorts. The waste material they throw off as worm casts is one of the richest of all plant foods. Moreover, worm tunnels-air the soil, helping the oxygen and nitrogen metabolism of plants. And the tunnels make fine watering tubes, facilitate rainfall storage. Darwin estimated that a healthy English acre ought to have about 2,500,000 worms, turning out 18 tons of casts a year...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: Praise for the Earthworm | 1/6/1941 | See Source »

Like sweat and urine, saliva contains urea, a nitrogen compound. Dr. Stephan found that two groups of antagonistic bacteria flourish in saliva: 1) the destructive lactobacilli; 2) harmless germs of the staphylococcus family. By brewing an enzyme called urease. the staphylococci split up urea in the saliva into an ammonium compound, which neutralizes the erosive acid. Dr. Stephan's conclusion: teeth may decay when the saliva does not contain enough urea, or when the staphylococci are sluggish...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: Urea for Teeth | 12/30/1940 | See Source »

...well 50 ft. deep, lined it with double steel tubing, stoppered it at the bottom with concrete and sand. The capsule, a cartridge seven and a half feet long, was made of a Westinghouse nickel and silver alloy copper, lined with Pyrex glass, emptied of air, filled with inert nitrogen. Among the objects which went into it were a woman's hat, razor, can opener, fountain pen, pencil, tobacco pouch with zipper, pipe, tobacco, cigarets, camera, eyeglasses, toothbrush; cosmetics, textiles, metals and alloys, coal, building materials, synthetic plastics, seeds; dictionaries, language texts, magazines (TIME among them), other written records...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Science: 5,000-Year Journey | 9/30/1940 | See Source »

France, like her ally, is calm and proud." As he concluded, swift Reynaud made one last plea for speed: "Immense values are at stake and time is limited."Calm and proud. Someone has said that though most human bodies are composed of oxygen (65%), carbon (18%), hydrogen (10%), nitrogen (3%), calcium (1.5%), phosphorus (1%), the body of a Frenchman is a simple compound of pepper, garlic, pate de foie gras, common bread and good red wine of the land. The French are pungent people. Little things make them gesticulate wildly and pour maledictions like a flood: a bowl of soup...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: FRANCE: Reynaud the Frenchman | 6/17/1940 | See Source »

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