Word: nitrogenating
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Even the most experienced scuba divers rarely venture below 150 ft., however, owing to increasingly crushing pressure and the laborious decompression process required to purge the blood of nitrogen (which can form bubbles as a diver returns to the surface and cause the excruciating and sometimes fatal condition known as the bends). And pressurized diving suits make it possible for humans to descend only to 1,440 ft.--far short of the deepest reaches of the oceans...
...shows. Some, especially Cirque du Soleil's $33 million Mystere at Treasure Island, have the otherworldly vision to transcend this outsize format. And some, like EFX--a $67 million investment, including $27 million to equip its theater with 3-D movie projection, a "fog wall" of steam and liquid nitrogen and hot-wired rumble seats--are content to give visitors a hell of a high-tech ride...
...There are two key developments here, says TIME science contributor Leon Jaroff. One is flexibility. Previous materials had been brittle, and snapped easily at the extremely low temperatures necessary for superconductivity. The other key is that the new material conducts electricity with no resistance at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes it much cheaper to maintain and use than other superconducting materials that need to be cooled to a much lower temperature. The discovery could lead to commercial applications like more efficient electric motors, better medical equipment and improved electric transmission lines...
...Most of the nitrogen and hydrogen radicals are produced by natural activities," says Salawitch. "But the halogen radicals, primarily bromine and chlorine, are primarily due to industrial activity...
...Anderson acknowledges a weakness in their research. "We only have comprehensive measurements from 13 to 20 kilometers," Anderson says. "The region above is unexplored in hard detail. We know there is a point above 20 kilometers where nitrogen radicals control the depletion of ozone...