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Adenine is an undistinguished-looking chemical with a molecule made of two ordinary carbon-nitrogen rings. But to biochemists, it is one of the keys of life. It takes part in the formation of a long list of vital substances, and it is one of the five "bases" that are built into DNA and RNA, the magic nucleic acids that control the reproduction and heredity of all living organisms. Since the first life probably appeared on earth when chemicals already dissolved in sea water formed a giant molecule that had the power to reproduce itself, it is likely that this...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Biochemistry: Re-Creating the Pre-Life Earth | 6/7/1963 | See Source »

...krypton for long-lasting light bulbs, and xenon for high-intensity lights such as those used at airports. Even the more common gases are moving into new fields. In the next few months a big food processor will announce that it is flash-freezing fruits and vegetables with liquid nitrogen, which locks in that on-the-vine flavor. Last week McDonnell Aircraft announced that it has ordered eight special nitrogen-cooled chambers that re-create the lonely cold and vacuum of outer space...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: U.S. Business: Out of Thin Air | 6/7/1963 | See Source »

...cold." Working with chilled liquid gases, the three companies have found that materials behave in weird and wondrous ways in the icy world of low, low temperatures. By slowing the movement of electrons and thus reducing resistance to electricity to almost nothing, the extreme cold of liquid nitrogen, for example, gives an electric magnet four times or more the usual pull and makes a light bulb shine 20 times brighter. Linde has also found that whole blood and body tissues can be preserved indefinitely when frozen with nitrogen...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: U.S. Business: Out of Thin Air | 6/7/1963 | See Source »

Medical researchers have not yet found the cause of the disease, but surgeons have succeeded in treating its symptoms. New York's Dr. Irving S. Cooper uses supercold liquid nitrogen to destroy an area of the brain that is responsible for the patient's characteristic tremors...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: FREEZING: AN ATTACK ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE | 5/3/1963 | See Source »

...rays help Dr. Cooper in locating the spot that he wants to freeze in the thalamus. But to make sure that his cannula is on target, he conducts a simple test. A small amount of liquid nitrogen is pumped to the cannula tip to cool the thalamus. Dr. Cooper asks the patient to raise his hand. If the hand stops shaking, Dr. Cooper is assured that his cannula is properly placed; more liquid nitrogen is pumped through the cannula to destroy permanently a larger area in the thalamus. Thus far, Dr. Cooper has used his technique on 1,000 patients...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Medicine: FREEZING: AN ATTACK ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE | 5/3/1963 | See Source »

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