Word: nitrogenous
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...York, where no buyer appeared, no one knew exactly what to do with it. By now the U. S. (and every one else) knows well enough what to do with Chilean nitrate. In peacetimes one throws it on the ground as fertilizer. In wartimes one must have nitrogen to make explosives. Out of Germany's War-time need for nitrates came various processes for making synthetic nitrogen. And out of these processes came ever-increasing synthetic competition for the natural Chilean nitrates...
...average of about $41,000,000. In 1928-29, this figure was increased to about $5,000,000. The significance of the comparison made by Dr. Klein and by TIME, however, is not affected by this more recent data, as Germany's exports of synthetic nitrogen have also risen, totaling...
...accomplishments of Academician Claude to date include invention of neon lights to illuminate advertising boards and air fields; a process for capturing gases from coke ovens which are converted into hydrogen, nitrogen compounds, innumerable drugs; a method for liquefying air which is used by the $25,000,000 Air Reduction Company; a method of dissolving acetylene in acetone, a process which yields $20,000,000 in annual sales...
...would have ended within a few months. With it, the greatest care had to be used lest the supply give out too soon. Savior of the situation at this critical time was the great scientist Fritz Haber, who made practical the extraction, on a large scale, of nitrogen from the air. Thus began the commercial production of synthetic nitrogen. After the War, another German scientist, Carl Bosch, adapted the process to peacetime uses, and became chief of Europe's largest corporation, the I. G. Farbenindustrie. Now Germany im ports no nitrate from Chile, but exports each year about...
Specifically he was shooting helium atoms (alpha particles derived from radio active thorium) from a shuttered, camera-like box into a tube containing nitrogen and water vapor. The helium atoms traveling at a clip of 11,000 mi. per sec. smashed into the nitrogen atoms. The force of the impact caused the atoms to merge for an instant to form fluorine which immediately broke down, with explosive force, into hydrogen and oxygen...