Word: nitrogenous
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...minimize the amount of oxygen necessary to maintain the two-gas atmosphere (44% oxygen, 56% nitrogen) that the student crew breathes, the simulated spacecraft is equipped with a concentrator that pulls exhaled carbon dioxide out of the air. The carbon dioxide is combined in a catalytic reactor with hydrogen and converted into water and methane. An electrolysis system then decomposes the water into oxygen-for breathing-and hydrogen that is used to feed the catalyti c reactor. Reluctant to waste even the squeal of this chemical pig, McDonnell Doug las engineers are working on spacecraft thrusters that can be powered...
Preventing Disease. From this discovery, Funk correctly theorized that chemical substances which he named vitamines (from the Latin vita for life and amine for chemical compounds containing nitrogen) were capable of preventing deficiency diseases such as scurvy, pellagra and rickets, and indeed were essential to the sustenance of healthy life. The assumption that all vitamins contain nitrogen later proved wrong, and the e was dropped...
High Threshold. The Russians also came to the rescue of U.S. scientists, who had been at a loss to explain preliminary Venus 4 reports that there was no nitrogen in the Venusian atmosphere (nitrogen accounts for 78% of terrestrial air). Backing off slightly, the Soviet scientists explained that the nitrogen-gas analyzer aboard the capsule had a "signal-detection threshold" of 7%; thus it would have been unable to detect smaller percentages...
...production. Liquid hydrogen has been proposed as the fuel for the supersonic transport and as the propellant in a nuclear rocket. In bubble chambers, it allows scientists to trace the path of sub-atomic particles. Gas companies are liquefying natural gas for more convenient and economical storage, and liquid nitrogen is now used to freeze the earth around excavations so that mud will not slide into the work area...
...avoid shutting down large portions of the city water system when they began installing water meters at every residence, water-department workers in Boulder, Colo., turned to cryogenics. At each house, they poured liquid nitrogen over the inlet pipes, which froze the water inside for 20 minutes and enabled them to install the meter without losing so much as a drip...