Word: nizam
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Since India and Pakistan became independent just one year ago, 561 of 562 princely states have joined either one dominion or the other: The holdout is Hyderabad, about the size of Minnesota, whose ruler, the Nizam, is said to be the richest man in the world. Last week, under pressure to become part of India, Hyderabad appealed to the U .N. Security Council for help in preserving its independence. In Hyderabad, TIME Correspondent Robert Lubar examined Hyderabad's cold war with India, which may touch off a new wave of Hindu-Moslem warfare. Lubar cabled...
From Delhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the tough Minister for States Affairs, has hurled a challenge at the Nizam: "Accede or die." Even peace-talking Premier Jawaharlal Nehru threatened Hyderabad. With contempt he said: "It is a completely wrong notion to talk of war with Hyderabad ... If there are to be wars they must be with free countries. But ... if and when it is considered necessary we shall have military operations against Hyderabad...
Since India surrounds Hyderabad, Patel and Nehru could probably make good their threat. The Nizam, however, had a counter-threat. A dagger-eyed little man named Kasim Razvi calmly threatened to protect Hyderabad by starting another series of India-wide communal massacres...
...Pakistan. One was little Junagadh, whose dog-loving Moslem Nawab* has announced for Pakistan against the wishes of most of his subjects, who are 80% Hindu. One was Kashmir, most of whose people are Moslem, but opposed to Jinnah's Moslem League. The third was fabulous Hyderabad, whose Nizam had a good chance of maintaining his state's independence. India's Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel is applying pressure on all three states; of the Government's top ministers Patel is the most outspokenly anti-Moslem, although he is more moderate than extremist Hindu "Brownshirt" groups...
...power to disrupt India further. In the face of Jawaharlal Nehru's blunt warning to the Indian princes ("We will not recognize the independence of any state in India"), Jinnah began courting them. Most princes had already decided to join Hindu India (see map), but the Nizam of Hyderabad (a Moslem) and Maharaja of Travancore (a Hindu) had each said he would go it alone. Jinnah dangled alliance-bait before them: "If states wish to remain independent ... we shall be glad to discuss with them and come to a settlement." Big Kashmir, still on the fence, was ruled...