Word: nomenklatura
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Russia's future development depends on whether the two groups within the Establishment manage to coexist peacefully. One group is made up of people who were able to get rich during Yeltsin's rule. The other group, mainly supporters of communist Gennadi Zyuganov, consists of former members of the nomenklatura who were left out when the country's wealth was divided. Their main purpose and political motivation are the redistribution of the country's wealth so that they too can get rich. Whether it is communism that achieves that goal or something else, they do not really care. If Yeltsin...
...leaning officials, is only one who says he is "not persuaded that the President will promote liberal reform" if he is returned to office. Indeed, Alexander Solzhenitsyn's gloomy observation of two years ago seems even more apt: "The system that governs us is a combination of the old nomenklatura, the sharks of finance, false democrats and the kgb. I cannot call this democracy...and we do not know in which direction it will develop...
...lane. The Second Secretary here is Zhavdets Ilyasov, 49, a retired colonel of Interior Ministry troops. The peeling wallpaper and crumbling ceiling in his office do not discourage him. He takes pride in the obvious differences between his austere communist organization and the fat cats of the old Soviet nomenklatura, who in the new Russia have profited from their high positions. "It is a myth," he says, "that we have a 'Red Governor' in Ulyanovsk. Those in charge here are former party secretaries who are now comfortably well...
...will call Moscow," the factory manager said, glancing at the yellow telephone on his desk. The special vertushka phone network still connects industrial managers across the 11 time zones of the former Soviet Union with the new nomenklatura -- the unofficial network of bureaucrats, former party elites and military officers -- neatly bypassing political leaders in Moscow who might attempt to stand in the way of deals such as this...
...exist. That made it easier for Hosokawa to take on the Agriculture Ministry over the rice issue, and helped prosecutors push ahead with the arrests of various businessmen and officials in the construction industry. Says Princeton's Calder: "This is Japan's perestroika. Hosokawa is short- circuiting the nomenklatura of the nokyo, the Construction and Agriculture ministries and the L.D.P." Even perestroika all but foundered in a rough economy, though, and Hosokawa is likely to find extensive deregulation too disruptive a course for an economy mired in tough times...