Word: nonmembership
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Since 1953, the 1,250,000 tenants of federal housing projects have been required to sign oaths of nonmembership in subversive organizations. The Congress attached this requirement to a federal housing appropriations bill, on the ground that taxpayers' dollars should not provide roofs for Communists or their friends. Some tenants, in Washington, Baltimore and New York, refused to sign the oath and were threatened with eviction. Among them were Doris and John Rudder, who occupy a two-bedroom apartment in Washington's Lincoln Heights project...
...suit, like half a dozen others filed by railroad employees around the U.S., is based mainly on Texas' "right to work" act, which states that nobody can be fired for membership or nonmembership in a union. The union shop, testified Santa Fe's Gurley, "does violence to my very deep-seated beliefs in personal liberty, freedom of choice, and the rights and dignity of the individual." In answer to union arguments, which implied that benefits such as seniority rights sprang from labor contracts, Gurley pointed out that the Santa Fe has had its own provisions for seniority since...
...half day meeting with representatives of all the big six steel companies and half a dozen smaller firms. Now, they were firmly against any form of union shop, as a matter of "principle." Said U.S. Steel's Vice President John A. Stephens: "In the U.S., membership or nonmembership in a union should be a matter of free choice with the individual." Phil Murray scoffed. He wanted to know how the companies could say they were standing on principle when they have union-shop agreements with other groups of employees, such as their coal miners, seamen and railroad workers...