Word: normalizes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...advisory committee on obstetrics and gynecology, which conducted the study, did not gloss over the harmful side effects of the Pill. The increased risk of blood-clotting disorders in the 8,500,000 U.S. women who use the Pill, it noted, was 4.4 times the normal risk for women who do not, as against the seven-to ninefold risk that has been suggested by British researchers. These disorders have proved fatal to three out of every 100,000 women using the Pill. The doctors warned, once more, that the Pill should be taken only under a doctor's supervision...
...Sachs victim, the system fails to produce an enzyme crucial to a chemical process within cells: the metabolizing of fats (technically, "lipids"). As a result, excess fats accumulate in the brain cells and block normal activity. Earlier researchers suspected that the missing enzyme was hexosaminidase. Yet substantial amounts of hexosaminidase are found in Tay-Sachs victims. Neuroscientists John O'Brien and Shintaro Okada investigated hexosaminidase more intensively and discovered that it actually consisted of two enzymes, Hex-A and Hex-B. Both are present in normal tissue but, they found, only Hex-B occurs in the tissue...
...Four Risk. A single defective Tay-Sachs gene cannot afflict its carrier with the disease. The paired, normal gene orders the production of enough Hex-A to allow the necessary brain-cell metabolism. But if both parents carry a Tay-Sachs gene, there is a one-in-four risk that the baby will receive two abnormal genes-one from each parent-and succumb to the disease. If he receives only one, his body will produce less Hex-A than it should, but he will be able to lead a normal life. Like his parents, of course, he will...
...identification of Hex-A will enable doctors to detect both the carriers and victims of Tay-Sachs disease. If blood tests reveal that both a man and his wife have less than normal amounts of Hex-A and are thus carriers of Tay-Sachs genes, they can be warned of their 25% risk of producing a Tay-Sachs child and perhaps be discouraged from having children of their own. By inserting a needle through a woman's abdomen when she is 16 weeks pregnant and extracting fluid from the amniotic sac, doctors can determine if the unborn child will...
Anderson has lost none of his zeal-and none of his Boy Scout piety. "We get 200 to 300 letters a day from little people who have lost faith in the possibility of seeing justice done through the normal processes," he says. And he vows "to keep the column what Drew made it-a voice for the voiceless...