Word: normalizes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...founded the organization 3? years ago -strongly disagree. They point out that the symptoms of autism usually develop in a baby's first weeks, seemingly well before strong parental influence is possible. Moreover, studies indicate that the other offspring of parents with an autistic child are almost invariably normal. Some researchers hope that autism will turn out to be similar to cretinism and phenylketonuria (or P.K.U.)-products of some defective chemistry affecting the nervous system. Meanwhile, a growing number of experts would like to sidestep the question of parental blame and concentrate on teaching autistic children acceptable substitutes...
...careful use of discipline is the heart of several recent approaches. Adopting the principles of reinforcement therapy (TIME, July 11), psychologists at the U.C.L.A. Neuropsychiatric Institute put autistic children through a demanding series of exercises. The therapist waits for them to perform a small act as a normal child would, then quickly rewards them with praise and a few bits of cereal or an M & M candy. If they revert to autistic behavior, he promptly says "No," and may even strike them. After literally hundreds of repetitions, the rewardable behavior begins to replace autistic distraction, and the children...
...Action (Hoeber Medical Division of Harper & Row). The differences among patients in their reactions to drugs may be caused by race, individual heredity, personal idiosyncrasy, or allergic reaction. Enzyme deficiencies and abnormal hemoglobins are found among Negroes and some Mediterranean peoples. In as many as 10% of Negro males, normal doses of the antimalarial drug primaquine will precipitate an acute and potentially fatal blood-destroying anemia. Many individuals with this peculiarity are almost equally sensitive to sulfas and several other drugs...
...reactions is found among victims of porphyria (see following story), who suffer acute attacks if they take barbiturates; they may also be sensitive to the sulfas. At the opposite end of the reaction scale, some victims of an unusual form of rickets need more than 1,000 times the normal quantity of vitamin D before they respond...
...still not fully understood. It is a group of diseases with many different signs and symptoms. "In some of them the only problem is the undue sensitivity of the skin to sunlight," wrote Professor Abe Goldberg of Glasgow's Western Infirmary in 1966. In others, "the normal life of the patient may be shattered by devastating attacks of abdominal pain, paralysis of limbs, and profound mental upset...