Word: normalizes
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...When the team scratched the leg without first creating an artificial itch, the STT neurons fired - the normal STT-neuron response - but scratching did nothing to calm them. That demonstrates that STT nerves react differently to the sensation of a scratch when it happens in response to an existing itch. The researchers then injected a pain-producing chemical into the monkeys' legs, which also spurred the firing of STT neurons. Again scratching did nothing to calm them, suggesting that the nerve-dampening effect of scratching applies uniquely to itching, not pain...
...Conlan points out that by continuing a campaign of low-level security threats, dissidents force police resources normally used to tackle fuel and cigarette smuggling and drug dealing - believed to be the main sources of income for dissident groups - to be diverted to anti-terrorism operations: "The [dissident] rationale is to prevent normal policing. Under normal policing, all the criminal activity they have become addicted to and dependent on would have to cease...
...first study, Paul Shaw at Washington University in St. Louis monitored the relationship between brain activity and sleep patterns in a group of fruit flies and isolated three key genes responsible for dictating how much sleep flies got in certain situations and when. Under normal conditions, flies doze off, even during the day, after engaging in intense social activities, including courtship, acclimating to a new environment and fighting over mates and territory. But Shaw found that when flies were genetically bred to be missing the three genes - colorfully named rutabaga, period and blistered - that, among other functions, help regulate sleep...
...second study, Kitahata's team looked at patients who chose to start ART when their CD4 count was 500 or above and compared them with patients who decided to defer treatment until their CD4 counts dropped below 500 cells. (In a normal, healthy adult, CD4 levels range from 600 to 1,200.) In both studies, the patients deferring treatment were more likely to have died by the 2005 end of the study than were their earlier-treated cohorts. HIV-positive patients beginning therapy at CD4 levels between 351 and 500 cells were 69% more likely to be alive...
Microelectronics Corporation have already gone back to normal hours, and the Hsinchu Science Park Administration predicts that only around 25% of hi-tech park professionals will be on forced leave in April. Back in London, John Philpott, the public-policy director of a lobby group called the Chartered Institute for Personnel and Development, sees the rise of short-work programs and pay cuts in industry as a natural reaction to the crisis. In the case of accountants KPMG, he says, "if you have a highly skilled workforce that you don't want to lose, it can make...