Word: normally
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...biceps are often bigger than you head, an this seems to assist him in section, where his athletic virtue and valor translate into the opening comment. The Jockicus seems to triumph in section mostly because his formidable physique, for students of normal dimensions, constitutes enough of a justification for the statements he makes...
Gradually the cancer cell invades the turf occupied by its normal counterparts, killing all those in its path. It tricks nearby cells into forming food-bearing blood vessels, then compels them to churn out growth- spurring chemicals. To shield itself from patrolling immune cells, the cancer cell sprouts spiny armor like a sea urchin's. To expel the agents physicians send to kill it, the cancer cell deploys along its membrane a battery of tiny pumps. Is there a way to fight such...
...once. From Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia came word that an experimental vaccine had given patients unusually long remissions from advanced melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. From Canada's McMaster University came a report identifying a telltale enzyme found in cancer cells -- but conspicuously absent from most normal cells. If cancer researchers can find a way to deactivate this enzyme, known as telomerase, they may at last have the magic bullet they have long been seeking. Equally tantalizing was the article published in Science by molecular biologist Alexander Kamb and his colleagues at Myriad Genetics, a Salt Lake...
...pivotal discovery came in 1976, when Drs. J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus at the University of California, San Francisco, made a startling observation. They saw that a viral gene known to cause cancer in chickens was practically a carbon copy of a normal gene found in animal and human cells. The virus had somehow stolen a perfectly good gene and put it to bad use. This finding helped lead to a general conclusion: cells become cancerous because their normal genetic machinery goes awry. The culprits that initiate the damage can be viruses, radiation, environmental poisons, defective genes inherited from...
...last week researchers had found perhaps 100 cancer genes, at least three dozen of them important in human tumors. Some, known as oncogenes, turn on cell division, whereas others, called tumor-suppressor genes, are responsible for switching the process off. In their normal form, both kinds of genes work as a team, enabling the body to perform such vital tasks as replacing dead cells or repairing defective ones. But mutations in the chemical makeup of these genes, whether inherited or acquired later in life, can disrupt these finely tuned checks and balances. A cell containing a faulty oncogene is often...