Word: normally
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...outside, however, IVD sperm are not identical to normal sperm. "We think, for normal structure development, sperm needs the testes environment," says Nayernia. It takes 15 to 16 years in the testes before the primordial germ cells that morph into spermatogonia, or a primitive precursor of the germ cells, are able to mature into sperm cells that can successfully fertilize an egg. (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...
...cells allow researchers to witness the normal development of sperm for the first time. "In the human, sperm development is a very long process," Nayernia says. "It takes more than 15 years and is not an accessible system. With this system, we can now watch that development in three months...
...unclear whether IVD sperm may eventually be able to fertilize an egg successfully - the ultimate measure of similarity between IVD sperm and normal sperm. (Nayernia is currently testing whether mouse eggs fertilized with IVD sperm can lead to a healthy animal.) If the researcher can generate human IVD sperm that look like normally developed sperm and can get the artificially created germ cells to fertilize an egg, then he can allow the resulting embryo to develop for 14 days - according to U.K. law, embryos created for research purposes must be destroyed at that point. "We would need to study that...
...family moved back to Nigeria, but they returned to London in the summers. In Lagos, the future artist spoke English at school but Yoruba at home. At the end of the workday, his father changed from Western dress into African robes. "Being bicultural for a Nigerian is completely normal," Shonibare says. "There's nothing strange about...
...Southeast Asia-based network of activist groups campaigning for democracy and human rights in Burma. "It's time for the international community and the U.N. to take off the kid gloves. It's time the international community stopped regarding crimes against humanity, repression and human-rights violations as normal for Burma. The regime didn't fail to take this opportunity, it refused...