Word: norms
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...policemen had been killed, stokes ordered all patrolmen out of the area. The move was successful in preventing more deaths, but the wholesale looting that followed the withdrawal of law enforcement officials angered many whites. The deep-seated antipathy between white policemen and blacks which has now become the norm was increased. During the 1969 election non-uniformed uninformed policemen with guns dangling openly at their sides served as challengers at the polls in black wards in an obvious attempt to intimidate black voters...
...living standard, a competitive American edge in foreign markets and economic growth. For example, a mere .1% increase in productivity this year would add $1 billion to the gross national product. In the past four years, however, the rate of increase in U.S. productivity has slipped from its historic norm of about 3% a year to an average of 1.7%, well behind leading European nations and Japan. Part of the reason is the shift from a manufacturing to a service economy. Because wages have climbed much faster-8% or more in the past two years-the prices of goods...
...rationale for the requirement; for he knew that under Eliot's free elective system, many undergraduates selected their courses each term without any consideration of how the term's work might fit into their respective programs. We agree with Lowell that the requirement should be viewed as a norm and not as a mandatory stipulation. Individual cases should be judged by the Committee on Special Studies with open-minded sensitivity; and exceptions should be made for students who can demonstrate that, by virtue of previous work or outside reading, they should not be required to devote half their time...
...principles have failed in the high schools of at least one average-sized community. For one thing, students recognize attempts to alter their behavior and meet them with resentment comparable to that created by punishment. Furthermore, if incentives are at all successful, the reward situation soon becomes the norm, deviations from which are interpreted as punishment...
...vacations, as in other things, Japanese workers depart from the Western norm. They are granted up to three weeks' holiday, but they rarely take the time due them, even though most cor porations do not pay cash for unused vacation days. One reason: Japanese workers apparently have a strong need to be needed. If they find that their plant or office can get along without them, they feel their place in the system is diminished. Lately, some major firms like Toyota and Sony have been shutting down their plants for as long as one week during the summer...