Word: northerners
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Turkish authorities say they have been overwhelmed by the sheer mass of refugees. The total number of northern Kurds and southern Shi'ites fleeing toward Iran or Turkey is estimated at almost 2 million. Many, like the 200,000 or so on the mountaintops around Turkish Hakkari, can be reached only by dirt roads often made impassable by mud. "We can send aid only on mules," says a Turkish official...
...seemed so different for a brief spring of hope. Taking advantage of Saddam's humiliation in Kuwait, the Kurds liberated the major northern cities of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk. They blessed Haji Bush for initiating their salvation, granting the American President the title earned by Muslims who have made the pilgrimage to Mecca. They were certain that the U.S. and its allies -- who had repeatedly urged Iraqis to throw off Saddam's yoke -- would come to their aid. But their joy lasted for only one cruel moment. By the end of March, Saddam's loyal forces had crushed the rebellion...
French President Francois Mitterrand dispatched his Secretary of State for Humanitarian Action, Bernard Kouchner, to northern Iraq to distribute two planeloads of relief supplies. Asked what would happen if Baghdad objected to Kouchner's dropping in uninvited, Foreign Minister Roland Dumas replied, * "Although one must abide by international obligations, sometimes it is necessary to violate international...
...this case, the U.S. bears a much greater responsibility, if only because it went to considerable lengths to urge the rebels to rise up against Saddam. Washington could meet that responsibility by distributing aid directly to Kurdish refugees in northern Iraq and by treating any objections from Saddam with the same contempt voiced by the French. It could send similar aid to refugees reaching Iran. Such cooperation in concert with a country that has been hostile to the U.S. for more than a decade might even help to draw % Ayatullah Khomeini's more moderate successors back into the world community...
...northern city of Shkoder, a local D.P. leader was reportedly shot in the back by security forces as demonstrators surrounded the local communist headquarters to protest the victory. Two others were shot dead as the protesters surged into the building, burning party files and the portraits of communist Albania's founding father, Enver Hoxha. Another shooting victim died later. The port city of Durres, besieged last month by Albanians seeking any vessel out of their blighted country, braced for a new exodus. While communist leader Ramiz Alia remains the head of both state and party, he could have trouble continuing...