Word: northerns
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Capturing men's imaginations round the world, and replying persuasively to Russia's Sputniks, the U.S. Navy's atomic submarine Nautilus completed a historic transpolar voyage under the vast Arctic ice pack, fulfilling in a 20th century way the centuries-old dream of a northern passage from ocean to ocean (see Armed Forces). And in the arena of diplomacy, the U.S. scored high when Nikita Khrushchev, tangled in his own diplomatic web, rejected a U.N. summit meeting in an awkward turnabout that brought international jeers...
Swim By Instrument. In the narrow Bering Straits between Alaska and Soviet Siberia, Nautilus kept well within U.S. waters, popped up its radar antenna only once for about 30 seconds to take a radar fix. Did the Russians detect them? Anderson thought not. Detouring along Alaska's northern coast to avoid clogged-up ice, Nautilus surfaced for the first time since Pearl Harbor to get a sure fix on a DEW-line radar station, then headed down again into the fantastic beneath-the-sea new world of mountains and deeps that is the nuclear submarine's true element...
Although John Foster Dulles was the prime mover in planning the Middle East's "Northern Tier" grouping of anti-Communist states back in 1953, the U.S. has never joined the Baghdad Pact. When Turkey's Premier Adnan Menderes last year asked why, President Eisenhower reportedly replied that if the U.S. had moved to join, Israel would have asked similar guarantees and the U.S. would have had to refuse them, thus provoking pro-Israeli pressures in the U.S. and blocking Senate ratification of the treaty. At last week's meeting of Baghdad powers in London, Secretary Dulles announced...
...Baghdad Pact is no longer what it was now that its only Arab affiliate, Iraq, will probably soon opt out. In some ways the Northern Tier alliance is tidier. Even Israel should be less troubled by an agreement that will no longer deliver arms to an Arab nation sworn to wipe out Israel. (Shortly before the coup, the U.S. delivered five jets to Iraq.) But the remaining members of the pact-Britain, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan-were shaken by Iraq's defection, and the Moslem nations in particular demanded dramatic proof of U.S. support...
Dulles said he "expected" that the pledge would be backed by substantial boosts in military and economic aid to the three Northern Tier countries. Their importance as a link in the chain of anti-Soviet defenses would be undiminished by the defection of Iraq, whose territory does not even touch the Soviet frontiers.* Around this might grow something like the Colombo Plan, an 18-nation agreement for economic cooperation to which the U.S. also adhered without a formal treaty. To mystified members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the State Department's William Rountree explained that by signing...