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Fortunately, phenylephrine does a pretty good job for most people when it's sprayed directly into the nose. So a decongestant spray like Neo-Synephrine is a good bet, but only if you use it for three days or less. Using the spray any longer sets you up for something called rebound congestion, in which you become even more stuffed up than you were when you began. That warning also holds true for oxymetazoline, the nasal decongestant found in such nasal sprays as Afrin...
Both compounds work by constricting the blood vessels in the nose. But, says Leslie Hendeles, a professor of pharmacy practice and pediatrics at the University of Florida, "phenylephrine doesn't get into the bloodstream very effectively" because it is so quickly metabolized by the digestive system. That made Hendeles and a colleague curious about why the Food and Drug Administration considered the drug effective in the first place. They tracked down the studies on which an advisory panel had based its recommendations back in 1976 and were surprised to learn that seven of the 11 studies showed the drug...
...other hand, phenylephrine sprays are usually safe for folks with high blood pressure, since the medication stays pretty much in the nose and doesn't affect the rest of the body. Pseudoephedrine, by contrast, should not be used, except under a doctor's order, if you have hypertension. Also, in extremely rare cases, the drug may trigger a heart attack...
...turf field.” And Pier said that, while artificial turf abrasions can provide entry sites for infection, the surface is far from being a harbor for microbes. “In general MRSA likes to live in and on bodies. It likes moist surfaces like the nose, the throat, the skin. It doesn’t survive all that well on inanimate surfaces like artificial turf or dirt or grass...
...Perhaps the biggest surprise was the presence of Uzbekistan's President Islam Karimov. After the 1991 U.S.S.R. breakup, Uzbekistan looked down its nose at Kazakhstan - historically nomadic, steppe-locked, undeveloped - and Karimov claimed the role of regional heavyweight for himself. But here he was, despite his obsession with protocol, choosing his own country's independence day to embark on a state visit to Kazakhstan. It was the visible sign of a new order in the region. "From now on, we're calling the shots in Central Asia, and Karimov came to acknowledge that," commented a senior Kazakhstani official...