Word: notional
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...White House is quite cold-bloodedly clear about its plans for the farm of the future. It emphatically does not subscribe to the notion that inefficient farmers must be kept on the land for the sake of tradition. Not for Nixon or Butz or Shultz the sentiment of the English poet Oliver Goldsmith: "But a bold peasantry, their country's pride/ When once destroyed can never be supplied." "Farming isn't a way of life," says Butz. "It's a way to make a living." He regards as inevitable the growing consolidation of farms, while marginal ones...
...sneaker-shod Dionysian ballet, reeling from the Marx Brothers to Samuel Beckett, from Madison Avenue to the groves of academe, from the incontinence of diaper days to the impotence of a palsied hand of poker in an old folks' death house. That will give you some brief notion of Dr. Hero. Yes, the central figure is our old friend and sometime bore, Everyman; but dismiss your initial, legitimate worries. This Everyman is no gullible Candide looking for the best of all possible worlds, no dour Diogenes straining for a glimpse of an honest man by lamplight. This...
...past four decades the heady belief has grown that people can be molded by simply deciding what they should be and then manipulating their behavior, as though the world were a laboratory and man a rat or a pigeon. No one has done more to advance the notion than B.F. Skinner, Harvard psychology professor and author of the bestselling Beyond Freedom and Dignity (TIME cover, Sept. 20, 1971). Those who claim to leave man "free," Skinner believes, are merely abandoning him to uncontrolled forces in his environment. To Skinner, observable behavior is the only reality and belief in an "inner...
...humanistic psychologists working today, who consider themselves a "third force" knocking at the academy gates. In sociology and anthropology, other challenges are being made to long-held beliefs. The challenges add up to a new regard for human intractability-and potentiality. There is a sneaking reappearance of the old notion that certain fixed elements in man (once unscientifically known as "human nature") are not susceptible to environmental changes. That notion obviously has major political overtones, since traditionally liberalism has posited that man is almost infinitely changeable, if not perfectible, while conservatives tend to believe that man is man, and that...
...humanistic psychology, as well as in much contemporary psychoanalysis, there is a new sense that man can become a more active force in shaping his life. Freud, with his emphasis on man's being driven by his unconscious, tended to undercut the notion of will. Writes Italian Psychoanalyst Roberto Assagioli: "The will can be truly called the unknown and neglected factor in modern psychology, psychotherapy and education." San Francisco Psychoanalyst Allen Wheelis agrees. "Knowledgeable moderns put their back to the couch, and in so doing may fail to put their shoulders to the wheel." But this should change. Wheelis...