Word: novarum
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...last week, and it proved to be a fatherly message of warning, hope and encouragement. Ad Petri Cathedram (To the Chair of Peter), the circular letter's opening words by which it will be known, is neither a trail-blazing social document (like Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum in 1891) nor a detailed doctrinal exposition (like Pius XII's Humani Generis in 1950). It is instead notable for the familiarity of its style, the range of its concern and the warmth with which it faces its subject: On Promoting-Under the Impulse of Charity-Truth, Unity...
...official church doctrine the change is rooted in the Rerum novarum encyclical of Pope Leo XIII, who in 1891 urged fairer treatment of such working masses as largely inhabit Latin America. In vigorous execution in Latin America, the policy is only about two years old and is rooted in the Vatican's conviction that dictatorships and poverty breed Communism. "Experience has taught,'' says a high Vatican spokesman, "that a system of freedom is in the end best for church interests. Any privilege that may be gained through a dictatorship is soon more than offset by hatred against...
...social issues, he has followed Leo XIII (1878-1903), who perceived, like Marx, that the key to the Western World was the worker. In his famed social encyclical, Rerum Novarum, Leo proclaimed the worker's inalienable right to a decent living, the employer's duty to provide it, and the right of both to private property. Pius XII has reasserted Leo XIII's line. In 1945, he approved (reluctantly) the daring social experiment of the French worker-priests...
...keeps Pope Leo XIII's encyclical, Rerum Novarum, at hand in his Pittsburgh office, and he often makes a most significant comment on this Catholic outline for industrial justice. Says Murray: "My grandparents had these ideas before Leo wrote them." Like Pope Pius XI (who brought Leo XIII up to date in 1931), Murray accepts the social and spiritual importance of the worker's vocation, his job. Good wages are important because good pay gives a steelworker standing, dignity and significance in his community. But to Murray, a good union is important for more things than getting...
...faire capitalism, confirmed a consensus already established by Protestantism in its conferences at Stockholm (1922), Oxford (1937) and Amsterdam (1948). "This consensus of Protestant thought is the more remarkable," writes Niebuhr, "in that it closely approaches the main emphases in the social teachings of the Catholic encyclicals since Rerum Novarum [1891]. Whatever may be the differences in Catholic and Protestant social policy . . . the similarities are more striking than the differences...