Word: nsf
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...amendments will also be extremely difficult to enforce, and there seems little indication that college officials, unless forced to do so, will cooperate with the Congressional sanctions. Spokesmen for the Department of Defense, NASA, the Office of Education, and the NSF, have also criticized the measures, so that Congress's show of outrage may have little real effect...
...recent interview. "I feel that, because of the cost-sharing provision, effort-reporting has affected people who have just circumstantially become involved," he said. Mathematicians, for instance, who, for the most part, receive their government funds from the National Science Foundation, must file effort reports, since the NSF issues grants--as opposed to contracts--and therefore requires cost-sharing by the University. Harvard's share becomes a portion of the scientist's salary, and the scientist must therefore report on this money's use by filing effort reports with the government...
Effort reports, however, are, as Mendelsohn put it, a "petty method" to account for government funds. "Our work cannot be so neatly divided," he said. Raoul Bott, professor of Mathematics, who like Mendelsohn must send effort reports to the NSF, concurred, adding that "these things compromise our integrity...
...contracts--the only real difference being that contracts have no cost-sharing stipulations whereas grants do--scientists arbitrarily have to file effort reports. A man with a contract from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for instance, is not involved with effort-reporting while a man with a NSF grant, with possibly very similar conditions...
Smale was criticized in Congress and investigations were sought into government expenditures to scientists. Smale, who had traveled to Moscow on NSF money as well as private and personal funds, was accused of various infractions of NSF regulations. He was accused in various quarters...